Composition.



106. COMPOSITIONS,

9s COATING R -PEASUQ UNITED STATES Patented December 20, 1904.

HENRY JAMES LIVINGSTON,

OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

COMPOSITION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 777,794, dated December 20, 1904.

Application filed September 21, 1903. Serial No. 173,961.

To allwhom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HENRY JAMES LIVING- STON, a British subject, residing at Baltimore, in the State of Maryland, have invented a new and useful Composition, of which the following is a specification.

I use the word annealing to express the imparting of additional adhesive qualities to cement and of toughening and of weather- Iwproofing it. To avoid repetition, I use the word cement in its popular sense to include all hvdraulic cement mortar, concrete o artificial stone made with Hydraulic cement.

It is well known that cement, while efi'ec- I5 tually binding bricks or stones together, has

little or no binding power when applied to cement which has become set or partially hardened, an operation taking place very rapidly.

Hence the required conditions for successful combination of cement-work unless carried on continuously are impossible, particularly so in concrete building, where each days work setting separately forms a distinct mass, lying alongside its neighbors and having no bond 5 with them. Again, cement-work exposed to the destructive action of the weather usually fails to resist the same for any length of time. If, however, it can be protected against direct weather action for some weeks its weather- 3 resisting qualities are materially increased, so

that the work may be made very durable.

Attempts have been made to bring about a union of set cement with new or of two or more pieces of cement which have already set by washing the old surfaces with cement grout or acid or alkaline solution; but these do not afford any assistance, inasmuch as they do not give any binding power, nor do they prevent the new cement from contraction and leaving the old work when the former is setting.

The first object of my invention, therefore, is to induce the crystallization of an added cement joint between two bodies of cement ofsuch a nature that its particles shall adhere to the old work while they are setting and at the same time shall form part of any new work immediately following or of any added old work. The interior body of the whole 5 work being thus bonded and an outer coat of the exterior surface, where such is required, made to adhere to the whole by a similar bond, these form a homogeneous mass. I prefer to make x ansion-joints in the outer skin only. In ex rlbfiwvork my process similarly applied will join floors to beams or one layer of flooring to another and make one homogeneous body instead of a Weaker agglomeration of separate pieces. It will also enable old or damaged work to be repaired equal to new. 1 next aflord extra protection against eather action to the exposed exterior wherever such protection can be aplied. p I have discovered that neat cement m' d 5 1 e ssero u ecomponents removed furnishes a means of strongly binding cement in the desired described manner. The solution is to be used instead of the ordinary mixing-water with the neat cement for the bonds, and the cement sotreated, hereinafter called annealed cement, is to be applied in joints not under one-eighth of an inch thick to the previously well-damped old cement, preferably roughened, and is to be followed as quickly as possible by thesucceeding work.

I find that no contraction or shrinkage takes place at the points of contact, but that a strong and permanent union results, making the joints the strongest part of the work. In preparing such a solution I find that the best and most economical IgBSUltS are igbtailed from di esting coa -tar in otwater ora ew minut s at' 110 to 200 a ren iolt. This heat should scarcely be exceeded, because the heavier oily components, which are very-objectionable, may become liberated. The proportions of hot water to coal-tar are about eighteen or twientyl oge. b ter Stil'lllflfg ang settlin the c ear i ui is to e g aw no H used exa in ait aiiit tlgw I llleec o anneamg or toughening the cement and impartingto it the required properties, as described above.

It is to be noticed that by using my composition there is only about .50 per cent. of

innocuous carbonaceous matter added to the cement used for joints.

IOO

Examiner.

I do not claim that my composition will enable defective cement to do the work of sound, especially for surface-work exposed to the weather. I prefer under such conditions Port- 5 land cement, which while otherwise satisfactory contains not more than one and one-half sulfuric anhydrid or four per cent. of magnesia and sulfuric anhydrid together. I am aware that cold water in which coal-tar has 1 been stirred and when drawn 05 known astarwater has been proposed as a substitute for the mixing-water for artificial stone. 1 do not claim this as my invention, and whatever its effects may be when applied to artificial-stone 5 making this tar'water is of no use in bringing about the results obtained by my composition,

where something approaching the nature of light oil is required. On the other hand, my

composition is not at all suitable for artificial- 2 stone making. its application being limite to forming a bond, as described above.

Whatl claim asmy invention. and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The composition consisting of the extract 2 5 of coal-tar obtained by digesting the latter in hot water and combined with hydraulic cements, so as to anneal the same.

In testimony whereof Ihave signed my name to this specification in the presence of two sub- 30 scribing witnesses.

I H. J. LIVINGSTON. Witnesses:

J suns H. ALFORD, JAMES KEAN. 

